What is in strengthens bones?
The main ingredient in milk that helps to strengthen bones is calcium. Calcium is a key component of bones, and having a healthy daily intake of calcium is essential for bone health. Milk also contains vitamin D, which is key for regulating the absorption and processing of vitamin D. Without sufficient vitamin D, there is no way for the calcium to be absorbed and used by the body. Milk often has magnesium in it, which also aids in the absorption of calcium.
How does calcium strengthen bones?
Calcium, along with another compound called phosphate, is an important component of bones. The calcium and the phosphate are mixed together in a matrix that forms the basic structure of the bones. Human bones are constantly being remodeled by two types of cells: osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteoclasts break down the bone matrix and osteoblasts reform it. Because calcium is used by many other parts of the body, the bones are often used as a backup source of calcium. In the event that the body does not have enough calcium, osteoclasts become more active, breaking down the bones to release the calcium. This can lead to weaker bones.
Effects of low calcium levels
Initially, when blood calcium levels are low, the bones will be broken down to harvest the calcium that they store. In the elderly, this can lead to a condition called osteoporosis, which causes the bones to become brittle and frail. In children, this condition can develop into Rickett's syndrome, in which the long, weight-bearing bent and warped. If the calcium deficiency is not corrected, other symptoms may occur, including small spots appearing on the skin, tingling, especially in the hands and feet, and changes in the patient's EKG.
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